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Sangha 2004 : Hogon funeral, copyright Julian Richards |
Sangha 2004 : Hogon funeral, copyright Julian Richards |
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Sangha Apegnon Dolo: The funeral of Apegnon Dolo was
held six months after his death. In the night preceding the first
day of the ceremony, a black chick is sacrificed and affixed to a
thread hanging
over the central village square of Ogol Da. It is a purification ritual
concerned with protecting upcoming events against witchcraft. The
ritual is called Kezu. It is held only for a hogon who is originally
from Ogol Ley. On the second day of the funeral, the Baga Bundo
ritual takes place : eight Kanaga and various fibre masks approach and
kneel
down around a mortuary blanket. It is the same blanket that was used
for conveying the defunct to the cemetery six months earlier. The
dancers hit the ground with millet stems. Evil spirits must be driven
out from the blanket. They pay their respects one last time to the dead
man and leave the scene. The role of women during funerary rites is
certainly not negligible. But they are excluded from all masked
rituals. When the masks dance, women are spectators and stay at a fair
distance. The Ya Sigine is the only exception to this rule. Masks
represent death and are a threat to their fecundity. But in Sangha the
role that women play during a hogon's funeral differs widely from all
other funerary rites. Sangha is split in two (Ogol Ley and Ogol Da).
The « field of the hogon » is situated between the two villages. Most
public events are held there. Mock combats alternate with
imitations of
the masked dances performed by women. They do not wear wooden
headpieces but their headdresses, adorned with mirrors and glass beads,
represent the masks. It is rather difficult to interpret the
significance of these dances. But it could be a reference to the origin
of the masks. According to the myth, a woman discovered the masks
before men took hold of them. Usually, funerals and the Dama ritual
are
held separately. This is not the case for the hogon’s Dama in Sangha.
It is held in continuation of his funeral. Some ten masks come and
dance for the occasion. But before the Dama can be held, the mask altar
(Wala) must be purified. By ritually imitating the masked dances at the
hogon's funeral, the women have transgressed a taboo. As a result,
corrective measures must be taken. This is where the Puro intervenes, a
ritual enabling men to assert their authority over women. It is
normally held independently from any other ritual. Sometimes men think
that the women of their village have committed an offence and, to make
amend for it, they must pay a fine. Following the dances imitating the
masks at the hogon's funeral, the women have to pay a fine to the Wala
Banga (chief of the mask altar). It is to pay for the purification of
the Wala altar, otherwise the Dama cannot be held. |